Sunscreens aren’t just active ingredients in solution Toxicity to zebrafish embryos increased with mixtures containing zinc oxide after UV exposure.UVA protection was significantly decreased (calculated UVAPF dropped by 91.8% for microparticles and 84.3% for nanoparticles) – this can be explained by avobenzone decomposing.Chemical sunscreens + zinc oxide mixtures were very different after UV exposure:.Toxicity to zebrafish embryos was minimal.UV absorption was largely the same before and after UV exposure, meaning that the sunscreens were mostly photostable (didn’t break down in UV light). Chemical sunscreen-only mixtures were largely unchanged after UV exposure:.They are also used to investigate toxicity to aquatic life. Zebrafish are commonly used as models for humans since we share a lot of similar genes, but there are obviously still lots of differences between zebrafish embryos and human skin. They also tested the effects of the mixtures on zebrafish embryos. They measured the UV absorption of each mixture (the greater the UV absorption the better the UV protection, since that’s how sunscreens work – they absorb UV before it hits your skin). They also did this with uncoated microparticle (20-1000 nm) and nanoparticle (<100 nm) zinc oxide added to separate samples of one of the original mixtures. (These mixtures reflect the active ingredients in real-life SPF 15 sunscreens.) They put the mixtures under a light that replicated sunlight for 120 minutes. The researchers dissolved 5 mixtures of chemical filters in DMSO (DMSO or dimethyl sulfoxide is a solvent commonly used in research that’s especially good for dissolving substances and enhancing penetration through skin).
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